On October 8, 2023, Hezbollah opened a “Gaza support front” along Lebanon’s southern border. By September 2024, the Israeli army had escalated its response into a full-scale war targeting civilians throughout Lebanon, killing over a thousand people and wounding six thousand others, including a journalist, a photographer, and a media professional’s wife. A similar campaign of violence unfolded in the Gaza Strip, where hundreds were killed, including two journalists and an actor. In the West Bank, Israeli authorities committed over 50 violations against journalists and photographers—some multiple times—and six additional violations occurred within the 1948 Territories.

The following is a detailed summary of these violations as monitored by the Samir Kassir Foundation’s SKeyes Center across Lebanon, Palestine, Syria, and Jordan.

In Lebanon, Israeli airstrikes primarily targeted civilians in southern Lebanon, the Bekaa valley, and Beirut’s southern suburb, causing more than a thousand deaths and six thousand injuries. Among the casualties were Al-Mayadeen online journalist Hadi Al-Sayyed (09/23), former Al-Manar cameraman Kamel Karaki (09/25), and Wafaa Mahmud Qleit, wife of journalist Mohammad Amro (09/26). Al-Akhbar correspondent Amal Khalil received death threats from an Israeli number (09/13), and the newspaper’s social media account was hacked (09/25). Additionally, writer Badia Hani Fahs faced a smear campaign after criticizing Hezbollah’s strategy on social media (09/22).

In the Gaza Strip, Israeli forces killed freelance journalist Mohammad Abu Shoqa and 21 members of his family (09/19), Thuraya for Arts and Media Foundation journalist Wafaa Al-Udaini and her husband (09/30), and actor and poet Rashad Abu Skhila (09/02). Al-Kofia satellite channel cameraman Ahmad Al-Nakhala (09/03) and journalist Ahmad Juda (09/04) were injured in the ongoing Israeli bombings.

In the West Bank, the Israeli army targeted several media professionals with live bullets and teargas, including Awda satellite TV correspondent Ons Hawshiyeh, Anadolu correspondent Issam Al-Rimawi, photographer Hisham Abu Shakra, Quds Feed correspondent Jarrah Khalaf, Reuters photographer Raneen Sawafteh, Al-Jazeera Mubasher cameraman Hadi Sabarneh, and correspondent Shaza Hanaysheh, who sustained head and leg injuries (09/02). Additionally, Al-Fajr TV correspondent Yazan Hamayel was injured by shrapnel (09/03), along with other journalists who experienced similar attacks, namely, Palestinian news agency (Wafa) correspondent Mohammad Mansour and photographer Ayman Al-Nawbati (09/03), Al-Jazeera correspondent Laith Jaar (09/05), Quds News Network correspondent Hamza Hamdan (09/05 and 09/11), freelance journalist Soheib Abu Dayyak, Al-Jazeera Mubasher correspondent Mohammad Turkman (09/11), Al-Jazeera English correspondent Aziza Nawfal and cameraman Nida’ Ibrahim, Quds News Network correspondent Mohammad Abed, Al-Ghad channel correspondent Khaled Bdeir and cameraman Shadi Jararaa, Palestine TV correspondent Mahmud Sammudi and cameraman Sakhr Zawatyeh, freelance journalists Mohammad Oteik, Obada Tahayneh (09/19), and Amro Munasra (09/02 and 09/19), Al-Araby TV correspondent Amid Shehada and cameraman Rabih Al-Munayyer (09/02 and 09/19), Pal Post website correspondent Mujahid Tabanjeh, freelance journalist Sudki Rayyan, Quds News Network correspondent Abdullah Bahesh, and freelance journalist Ayyub Yammak (09/27).

The Israeli forces assaulted freelance journalist Mahmoud Zakarneh (09/18), confiscated photographer Misaab Shawar’s equipment (09/24), and raided apartments of freelance journalist Muntaser Nassar and Wafa photographer Mashhour Al-Wahwah, destroying property in the process (09/26). Several journalists were arrested, including freelance journalists Ali Dar Ali (09/05), Qutaiba Hamdan, who was sentenced to three months of administrative detention (09/17), and Mujahid Al-Saadi, who faced a six-month detention following a violent arrest at his apartment, where he was beaten and phones confiscated (09/17). He was then sentenced to six months of administrative detention (09/19).

Israeli forces also obstructed journalists’ duties by preventing access to scenes of conflict and military operations. Affected individuals included Al-Jazeera correspondent Guevara Budeiri, Reuters photographer Raneen Sawafteh, Wafa correspondent Al-Hareth Al-Husni, freelance journalist Mohammad Otaik, Ultra Palestine news website correspondent Wahhaj Bani Mufleh, correspondent Issam Al-Rimawi, photographer Hisham Abu Shakra, correspondent Abdullah Bahesh, freelance journalists Ayyub Yammak, Mohammad Awad, Fares Awdeh and Nawras Zayyab (09/13), correspondent Khaled Bdeir, photographer Shadi Jararaa, correspondent Amid Shehada, photographer Rabih Al-Munayyer, and correspondent Laith Jaar (09/25).

Additionally, Israeli bulldozers and military vehicles attempted to run over correspondents and photographers, including Anas Hoshiya, Issam Rimawi, Amid Shehada, Shaza Hanaysheh, and Jarrah Khalaf, as well as freelance journalist Amro Munasreh, and photographers Hisham Abu Shakra, Rabih Al-Munayyer, Hadi Sabarneh, and Raneen Sawafteh (09/02), as well as other journalists facing physical threats in subsequent days, including correspondent Mujahid Tabanjeh, photographer Hisham Abu Shakra, Al-Jazeera cameraman Aref Tuffaha, correspondent Guevara Budeiri, photographer Ayman Al-Nubani, freelance journalist Rima Daraghmeh, Palestine TV correspondent Amir Shaheen, and photographer Salim Bisharat (09/11).

In a notable escalation, Israeli authorities ordered Al-Jazeera’s office closed for 45 days, citing “incitement” and “supporting terrorism” after storming the premises and confiscating equipment and documents (09/22). Furthermore, freelance journalist Ahmad Beitawi was detained by Palestinian Intelligence on charges of “receiving illegal funds and possession of a weapon” (09/07), and a member of the Palestinian presidential guard obstructed Al-Jazeera Mubasher correspondent Mohammad Turkman from covering an Israeli incursion in Al-Bireh (09/17).

In the 1948 Territories, Israel renewed its closure order for Al-Jazeera’s office for the fourth time (09/03), and police prevented media professionals such as Al-Nas radio correspondent Mustafa Zaabi, Mawtini 48 correspondent Abdul-Rahman Ishraf, and Al-Jarmak correspondent Karen Al-Bash from working in Haifa (09/05). Additionally, Israeli intelligence officials issued two exclusion orders against citizen journalist Alaa Al-Souss, prohibiting her from entering Al-Aqsa Mosque and Jerusalem’s Old City (09/23 and 09/29). Also, the intelligence service questioned freelance journalist Rose Al-Zaru (09/02); seven days later, they raided her house, detained her and her son, and subjected her to a six-day house arrest order.

In Jordan, Independent Election Commission staff barred photographer Amjad Al-Tawil from filming at a polling station despite his credentials (09/10). Filmmaker Hussein Daibes’ family clan filed a complaint against journalist Rabih Hunaidi after Hunaidi’s interview with Daibes revealed his deteriorating health. Facebook also shut down journalist Aziza Ali’s page following her post depicting a Palestinian man with a hammer in front of Israeli tanks, captioned “Glory to the hammer” (09/04).

The Jordanian State Security Court postponed political activist Sufyan Al-Tal’s trial verdict twice (09/23 and 09/30). More than 300 Jordanian journalists signed a petition to King Abdullah II seeking a royal pardon for writer Ahmad Al-Zoabi, who remains detained with deteriorating health (09/05). A previous petition to the Public Prosecutor requesting an alternative sentence was rejected 13 days after submission.

In Syria, authorities arrested Homs Provincial Council member and journalist Waheed Yazbek (09/08) after he exposed fraud in Homs’ People Assembly elections, though he was released the following day.